منابع مشابه
Transitioning to independence: pitfalls and practical tips.
Establishing an independent academic career is a lofty goal and junior physician-scientists have an especially complicated balancing act: caring for patients, conducting experiments and meeting regulatory requirements for human or animal subject research. This balancing act is often accompanied by teaching and administrative tasks, as well as the need to plan a coherent research program, obtain...
متن کاملCausal Diagrams
From their inception in the early 20th century, causal systems models (more commonly known as structural-equations models) were accompanied by graphi-cal representations or path diagrams that provided compact summaries of qualitative assumptions made by the models. Fig. 1 provides a graph that would correspond to any system of 5 equations encoding these assumptions:
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Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an important auxiliary method for pathologists in routine diagnostic work as well as in basic and clinical research including exploration of biomarkers, as IHC allows confirmation of target molecule expressions in the context of microenvironment. Although there has been a considerable progress in automation and standardization of IHC, there are still many things to...
متن کاملRobotic lobectomy: tips, pitfalls and troubleshooting.
The robotic approach in thoracic surgery has rapidly gained popularity in recent years. As with the introduction of any new technology, this warrants not only adaptation of the operative technique itself, but also the evolution of appropriate troubleshooting strategies. A selected number of helpful tips and technical procedural manoeuvres have been compiled to prevent intraoperative problems, a...
متن کاملMatched designs and causal diagrams.
We use causal diagrams to illustrate the consequences of matching and the appropriate handling of matched variables in cohort and case-control studies. The matching process generally forces certain variables to be independent despite their being connected in the causal diagram, a phenomenon known as unfaithfulness. We show how causal diagrams can be used to visualize many previous results about...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Epidemiology
سال: 2020
ISSN: 0917-5040,1349-9092
DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20190192